The Doctrine of Endless Punishment (Part 1): Hell – W. G. T. Shedd

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On Trusting in the Mercy of God (Against Universalism) – Charles Finney

Have you fallen asleep
With a dagger in between your bones?
That was thoughtfully placed
By your own wretched finesse
Walk on, walk on, walk on, walk on

–The Chariot, “Forgive Me Nashville”–

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A Rant Against Charismatic Self-Help Sermons

I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away; and there was found no place for them. And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every man according to their works. And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death. And whosoever was not found written in the book of life was cast into the lake of fire. –Revelation 20:11-15 (KJV)



Hank Hanegraaff, Christianity in Crisis (against positive confession).

Gary Gilley, This Little Church Went to Market (against seeker-sensitive ministry).

Christopher Morgan, Hell Under Fire.

Harald Lindstrom, Wesley and Sanctification.

Kenneth J. Collins, Wesley on Salvation.

—. The Sermons of John Wesley.

Charles Finney, Lectures to Professing Christians.

—. Sermons on Gospel Themes.

—. Sermons on the Way of Salvation.

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Supernatural Theology 147: Charismatic Anti-Intellectualism vs the Apostle Paul

When I came to you, I did not come with eloquence or human wisdom as I proclaimed to you the testimony about God. For I resolved to know nothing while I was with you except Jesus Christ and him crucified. I came to you in weakness with great fear and trembling. My message and my preaching were not with wise and persuasive words, but with a demonstration of the Spirit’s power, so that your faith might not rest on human wisdom, but on God’s power. –1 Corinthians 2:1-5

With persuasive doctrines of human wisdom: in every case I left man out, that God might become the more evident. I used none of the means of which great orators avail themselves in order to become popular, and thereby to gain fame…The doctrine that he preached was revealed by the Spirit: that it was a revelation of the Spirit, the holiness, purity, and usefulness of the doctrine rendered manifest: and the overthrow of idolatry, and the conversion of souls, by the power and energy of the preaching, were the demonstration that all was Divine. The greater part of the best MSS., versions, and fathers, leave out the adjective ανθρωπινης, man’s, before σοφιας, wisdom: it is possible that the word may be a gloss, but it is necessarily implied in the clause. Not with the persuasive discourses, or doctrines of wisdom; i.e. of human philosophy.  –Adam Clarke



John Wimber, Power Evangelism.

—. Power Healing.

—. Power Encounters.

—. Power Points.

Jack Deere, Why I Am Still Surprised by the Power of the Spirit.

—. Why I Am Still Surprised by the Voice of God.

John White, When the Spirit Comes with Power.

Guy Chevreau, Catch the Fire.

J. Rodman Williams, Renewal Theology.


Harald Lindstrom, Wesley and Sanctification.

Augustin Poulain, The Graces of Interior Prayer.

Henry Rack, Reasonable Enthusiast: John Wesley and the Rise of Methodism.

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The Universalist’s Lake of Love-Fire Debunked: A Wesleyan Response to John Crowder

If any man worship the beast and his image, and receive his mark in his forehead, or in his hand,10 The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation; and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb:11 And THE SMOKE OF THEIR TORMENT ASCENDETH UP FOR EVER AND EVER: AND THEY HAVE NO REST DAY NOR NIGHT, who worship the beast and his image, and whosoever receiveth the mark of his name.12 Here is the patience of the saints: here are they that keep the commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus. –Revelation 14:9-12 (KJV)

The devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are, and shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever.11 And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away; and there was found no place for them.12 And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works.13 And the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every man according to their works.14 And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death.15 And WHOSOEVER WAS NOT FOUND WRITTEN IN THE BOOK OF LIFE WAS CAST INTO THE LAKE OF FIRE. –Revelation 20:10-15 (KJV)

The fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death.   –Revelation 21:8 (KJV)

A lava lake forms at Halemaʻumaʻu as seen from the west rim of the Kilauea caldera during the volcano’s eruption in Hawaii, U.S. June 7, 2023 in a still image from webcam video. USGS/Handout via REUTERS.
David Howard Hitchcock, Halemaumau, Lake of Fire, Kilauea Crater, 1888.

“Jews, Mohametans, Deists, Heathens, are all members of the Church of Christ! Should we not add devils too?…There can hardly be any doctrine under Heaven more agreeable to flesh and blood; nor any which more directly tends to prevent the very dawn of conviction…These are your arguments to prove that Christ is in every man — a blessing which St. Paul thought was peculiar to believers. He said, ‘Christ is in you except ye be reprobates,’ unbelievers (2 Cor. 13:5, KJV). You say, Christ is in you whether ye be reprobates or no. ‘If any man hath not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of His,’ saith the Apostle (Romans 8:9, KJV). Yea, but ‘every man,’ saith Mr. Law, ‘hath the Spirit of God. The Spirit of Christ is in every soul’ (Spirit of Prayer, Part I. p. 63). ‘He that hath not the Son of God hath not life,’ saith St. John (1 John 5:12, KJV). But Mr. Law saith, ‘Every man hath the Son of God.’ Sleep on, then, ye sons of Belial, and take your rest; ye are all safe: for ‘he that hath the Son hath life.’” (“Letter to William Law,” (January 6, 1756) 2.5, in Thomas Oden’s John Wesley’s Scriptural Christianity, p. 218).



The Jesus Trip, “The Lake of Fire: The Consuming Fire Episode 3 of 10.”

Christopher Morgan and Robert Peterson, Hell Under Fire: Modern Scholarship Reinvents Eternal Punishment (Zondervan, 2004), ch. 8: “Universalism: Will Everyone Ultimately Be Saved?” (J. I. Packer).

William G. T. Shedd, The Doctrine of Endless Punishment (Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1886), pp. 94-117. Addresses the universalists’ “Greek word translation” objection about for ever.

Joel Beeke and Paul Smalley, Reformed Systematic Theology: Church and the Last Things, Volume 4, ch. 39: “Eternal Punishment in Hell, Part 2: Objections and Applications.”

Thomas C. Oden, John Wesley’s Scriptural Christianity, p. 218.

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Supernatural Theology 146: Prophetic Thorns in the Flesh

So went Satan forth from the presence of the Lord, and smote Job with sore boils from the sole of his foot unto his crown. –Job 2:7 (KJV)

Lest I should be exalted above measure through the abundance of the revelations, there was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan to buffet me, lest I should be exalted above measure. –2 Corinthians 12:7 (KJV)

Satan Smiting Job with Sore Boils by William Blake



Augustin Poulain, The Graces of Interior Prayer, Ch. XXIV: “The Trials That Are Sent to Contemplatives.”

John Loren Sandford, The Elijah Task (Charisma House, 2015).

Art Katz, The Prophetic Call: True and False Prophets (Burning Bush Press, 2009).


Jim and Michal Ann Goll, God Encounters (Destiny Image, 2011).

T. Austin Sparks, Prophetic Ministry (Destiny Image, 2011).

Gottfried and Theoderic, The Life of the Holy Hildegard (Liturgical Press, 1995).

Bonaventure, The Life of St. Francis (HarperOne, 2009).

Hank Hanegraaff, Christianity in Crisis: 21st Century (Thomas Nelson, 2009).

WesleyGospel, “Supernatural Theology 140: The False Teaching About Positive Confessions and Decrees.”


Christopher Morgan and Robert Peterson, Hell Under Fire: Modern Scholarship Reinvents Eternal Punishment (Zondervan, 2004).

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Hell Has No Exits – Leonard Ravenhill

Leech with two daughters
Give and give they cry
Her name is a liar
I refuse
I refuse, refuse

–Norma Jean, “Face:Face”–

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Biblical Gentlemen vs Macho Men

Love is a sugar to sweeten the duties of authority which pertain to a husband. Respect is as salt to season all the duties of subjection which pertain to a wife. –William Gouge

1. HE’S BRAVE BECAUSE HE HAS STRONG FAITH IN GOD. “Be on your guard; stand firm in the faith; be courageous; be strong.” –1 Corinthians 16:13

2. HE DRESSES IN A WAY THAT IS DISTINCTLY MASCULINE. “A woman must not wear men’s clothing, nor a man wear women’s clothing, for the Lord your God detests anyone who does this.” –Deuteronomy 22:5

3. HE FINANCIALLY PROVIDES FOR HIS FAMILY FROM BUSINESS ACTIVITY. “Anyone who does not provide for their relatives, and especially for their own household, has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever.” –1 Timothy 5:8

4. HE LOVES HIS WIFE. “Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her.” –Ephesians 5:25

5. HE TEACHES THE BIBLE TO HIS KIDS–AND DOESN’T PROVOKE THEM TO ANGER. “Fathers, do not provoke your children to wrath, but bring them up in the training and admonition of the Lord.” –Ephesians 6:4 (NKJV)

6. HE PURSUES PEACE AND HOLINESS IN HIS RELATIONS. “Follow peace with all men, and holiness, without which no man shall see the Lord.” –Hebrews 12:14 (KJV)

7. HE’S USUALLY AMONG THE GODLY MIDDLE CLASS. “Ye see your calling, brethren, how that not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called.” –1 Corinthians 1:26 (KJV)

8. HE’S A MAN OF PRAYER. “I will therefore that men pray every where, lifting up holy hands, without wrath and doubting.” –1 Timothy 2:8 (KJV)

9. HE OVERCOMES SEXUAL LUST THROUGH BEING FILLED WITH SCRIPTURE. “I write unto you, fathers, because ye have known him that is from the beginning. I write unto you, young men, because ye have overcome the wicked one. I write unto you, little children, because ye have known the Father. I have written unto you, fathers, because ye have known him that is from the beginning. I have written unto you, young men, because ye are strong, and the word of God abideth in you, and ye have overcome the wicked one.” –1 John 2:13-14 (KJV)

Charles Ingalls from Little House on the Prairie. Definitely an example of a good man as defined by Biblical parameters.



John Piper and Wayne Grudem, eds. Recovering Biblical Manhood and Womanhood: A Response to Evangelical Feminism (Crossway, 2021).

John R. Rice, Bobbed Hair, Bossy Wives, and Women Preachers (Sword of the Lord Publishers, 1941).

—. Rebellious Wives and Slacker Husbands (Sword of the Lord Publishers, 1943).

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Prophetic Word? A Call for Spirit-Led Preachers to Podcast

REFERENCES TO “THE BURDEN OF THE LORD” IN PROPHETIC MINISTRY

Charles David Williams, The Prophetic Ministry for Today (Macmillan, 1921).

John Loren Sandford, The Elijah Task.


James Goll, The Seer, p. 21.

Ernest Gentile, Your Sons and Daughters Shall Prophesy.

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Leonard Ravenhill’s Life: Questions and Answers

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