He was pierced for our transgressions,
he was crushed for our iniquities;
the punishment that brought us peace was on him.
–Isaiah 53:5 (NIV)–

He shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb: and the smoke of their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever: and they have no rest day nor night.
–Revelation 14:10-11 (KJV)–

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CRI, “The False God and Gospel of Moral Government Theology.”

Adam Clarke, Christian Theology (Schmul, 1990).

Dr. Harald Lindstrom, Wesley and Sanctification (Zondervan, 1998).

Dr. Donald Bowdle, Redemption Accomplished and Applied (Pathway Press, 1981).

Dr. Channing Crisler, 40 Questions About the Atonement (Kregel, 2025).